Microbubble therapy method and generating apparatus

ABSTRACT

A micro bubble generating system includes a shell having a well for retaining a first liquid to immerse an object. A micro bubble apparatus is provide to the shell for providing a pressurized mixture of a second liquid and a dissolved gas into the well so as to create a plurality of micro bubbles within the first liquid for engaging the object.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is continuation-in-part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. Nos. 12/352,151; 12/352,181 both filed on Jan. 12, 2009now U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,720,867 and 8,579,266, respectively, in which thecontents therein are hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

The technology pertains generally to a bubble generating apparatus, inparticular a method and apparatus for micro bubble generation andtherapy.

The old devices for bubble generating apparatuses that produce microbubbles have drawbacks which do not allow for the efficient andpractical use. One known method for producing micro bubbles is toprocure electrolysis between two electrodes in the liquid, the microbubbles being formed by a gas released by the electrolysis and appearingon one of the electrodes. This process is costly when a large number ofmicro bubbles is to be generated. The design characteristics preclude itfrom being used with fluid dispensing fittings because the physical sizeand configuration would not be practical.

In patent numbers U.S. Pat. No. 6,293,529 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,556,523,the micro bubbles could not practically or efficiently be used withtypical fluid dispensing fittings such as hydrotherapy jets, showerheads, and liquid nozzles.

In patent US2007/0108640, the design incorporates small orifices and orscreens that the pressurized liquid and gas must travel through. This isa drawback because debris or other contaminates that are present in theliquid will eventually clog these small orifices. This would requireexpensive prefiltering of the liquid prior to reaching the smallorifices and screens or repeated and continuous cleaning of the microbubble producing screens would be required to maintain a properlyoperating micro bubble generating apparatus. This is not practical sinceit would be an unnecessary burden on the end user. The clogging of thesmall orifices and screens may also be detrimental to the systememploying the bubble generating apparatus. The blockage could causeexcessive back pressure resulting in premature wear on the systemscomponents.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aspects of the present invention pertain to a micro bubble generatingsystem and methods of micro bubble therapy.

In one aspect, a system includes a shell having a well for retaining afirst liquid to immerse an object. A micro bubble apparatus is beattached to the shell for providing a pressurized mixture of a secondliquid and a dissolved gas into the well so as to create a plurality ofmicro bubbles within the first liquid for engaging the object.

In one aspect, a liquid therapy system for a human body includes a shellhaving a well for retaining a first liquid to immerse a human body. Amicro bubble apparatus may be attached to the shell for providing apressurized mixture of a second liquid and a dissolved gas into the wellso as to create a micro bubble cloud within the first liquid.

In one aspect, a therapy system includes a shell having a well forretaining a first liquid; and a means for providing a pressurizedmixture of a second liquid and a dissolved gas into the well so as tocreate a micro bubble cloud within the first liquid for engaging a humanbody.

In an aspect, a micro bubble cartridge is provided that can replaceablein a hydrotherapy jet, shower head, or a liquid nozzle.

In another aspect, a therapy system includes a micro bubble apparatusand chromatherapy system.

In yet another aspect, a micro bubble generating apparatus comprises ahousing body having a first fluid passage for increase a velocity of apressurized mixture of a liquid and a dissolved gas in a directiontowards a fluid flow. An orifice member may be releasably engaged withthe housing body. The orifice member may include a second fluid passagebeing disposed at an angle with respect to the first fluid passage forgenerating a plurality of micro bubbles from the mixture. An opening inthe housing body is provided for releasing the plurality of microbubbles.

In another aspect, a micro bubble generating apparatus comprises a firstfluid passage having a progressively larger height to width ratio in adirection towards a fluid flow. A second fluid passage may be disposedat an angle with respect to the first fluid passage for generating aplurality of micro bubbles; and an opening for releasing the pluralityof micro bubbles downstream of the first and second fluid passages.

In yet another aspect, a shower apparatus comprises a head having aplurality of projections for mechanically engaging a surface, and anorifice therein to release micro bubbles; and a micro bubble componenthaving a construction for fluid communication with the orifice.

In yet another aspect, a shower apparatus comprises a head having aplurality of projections for mechanically engaging a surface, and atleast one of the projections includes a lumen with a distal opening torelease micro bubbles; and a micro bubble component having aconstruction for fluid communication with the lumen.

In one aspect, there is provided a method of micro bubble therapy thatcomprises providing a fluid mixture, including a saturated gas, into afluid chamber; and producing a plurality of micro bubbles into a fluid.

In one aspect, there is a provided a method of micro bubble therapy thatcomprises providing a fluid mixture, including a saturated gas, into anair entrapment chamber; and producing a plurality of micro bubbles intoa fluid.

In another aspect the methods of micro bubble therapy may include a stepof providing air bubbles larger than the micro bubbles. In yet anotheraspect, the methods of micro bubble therapy may include a step ofproviding illumination to the fluid to enhance the visual experience ofa user and provide chromatherapic benefits. In another aspect, methodsof micro bubble therapy may include a step of providing an aromatic gas,such as a scent, in the saturated gas used to create the micro bubbles.In another aspect, the micro bubble method includes sanitizing a fluid,such as water, in a bathtub well or liquid carrier well.

In another aspect, a micro bubble generating apparatus may include afirst fluid passage having a progressively larger height to width ratioin a direction towards a fluid flow. A second fluid passage is disposedat an angle with respect to the first fluid passage. A third fluidpassage is fluidly connected to the second fluid passage for generatinga plurality of micro bubbles in which a fluid flow direction is opposedto the direction of the fluid flow of the first fluid passage. Anopening is provided for releasing the plurality of micro bubbles fluidlyconnected downstream of the third fluid passage.

In yet another aspect, a micro bubble generating apparatus includes anorifice body having a first fluid passage being disposed therein; andthe first fluid passage for increasing a velocity of a pressurizedmixture of a liquid and a dissolved gas in a direction towards a fluidflow. A housing body has a mixing chamber disposed at an angle withrespect to the first fluid passage for generating a plurality of microbubbles from the mixture. The orifice body is engaged with a housingbody for defining a third fluid passage provided between an externalsurface of the orifice body and an interior surface of the housing body,the third fluid passage being connected to the mixing chamber. Aplurality of openings may be provided in the housing body connected tothe third fluid passage for releasing the plurality of micro bubbles.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing summary of the invention, as well as the followingdetailed description of illustrative embodiments, is better understoodwhen read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which areincluded by way of example, and not by way of limitation with regard tothe claimed invention.

FIG. 1A is a functional block system diagram of a bubble generatingsystem according to a construction using the inventive teachings.

FIG. 1B is a functional block system diagram of an alternative bubblegenerating system with a micro bubble generating apparatus disposed atalternative locations in the interconnecting plumbing using theinventive teachings.

FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a pressure vessel construction.

FIG. 2B is a cutaway schematic diagram of the pressure vesselconstruction shown in FIG. 2A.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a bathtub construction.

FIG. 4 is an exploded assembly view of a bubble generating apparatus.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an assembled bubble generating apparatusshown in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the bubble generating apparatusshown in FIG. 5 taken along line 6-6.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative construction of abubble generating apparatus.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative construction of abubble generating apparatus.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative construction of abubble generating apparatus.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a hydrotherapy jet construction forgenerating micro bubbles.

FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view of a hand held shower constructionfor generating micro bubbles.

FIG. 11B is a partial cross-sectional view of the head portion of handheld shower construction for generating micro bubbles.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a shower head shower constructionfor generating micro bubbles.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid nozzle construction forgenerating micro bubbles.

FIG. 14 is a perspective schematic view of an alternative bubblegenerating apparatus.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the alternative bubble generatingapparatus shown in FIG. 14 taken along line 15-15.

FIG. 16 is a perspective schematic view of an assembly of thealternative bubble generating apparatus shown in FIG. 14 with plumbingfitting.

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the arrangement shown in FIG. 16 toshow the assembly arrangement.

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a bathtub construction for providingchromatherapy with micro bubbles.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a light system construction that can beused for chromatherapy.

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of an alternative bathtub constructionfor providing hydrotherapy with micro bubbles and air jets.

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of an alternative bathtub constructionfor providing hydrotherapy with micro bubbles and a whirlpool jets.

FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of an alternative bathtub constructionfor providing hydrotherapy with micro bubbles and air jets/opening withan air channel arrangement.

FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of an alternative bathtub constructionfor providing hydrotherapy with micro bubbles, a whirlpool jets, and airjets.

FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of saturation tank plumbing arrangementfor drainage.

FIG. 25 is a functional block system diagram of an alternative bubblegenerating system arrangement with a common suction fitting forattaching to a bathtub well.

FIG. 26 is a schematic representation of the layers of skin of a humanbody for illustrative purposes.

FIG. 27 is a cross sectional view of an alternative construction of abubble generating apparatus.

FIG. 28 is a perspective view of the alternative construction of thebubble generating apparatus of FIG. 27.

FIG. 29 is an exploded assembly view of the alternative constructionshown in FIG. 27.

FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of a hydrotherapy jet construction forgenerating micro bubbles using the bubble generating apparatus of FIG.27.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Overview

Inventive aspects pertain to a bubble generating apparatus, such as anapparatus for micro bubble generation. It is understood that otherembodiments may be utilized and structural and functional modificationsmay be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

General

As used herein, the term “micro bubbles” are generally referred to gasbubbles disposed within a liquid. One such liquid is water. A microbubble generally measure approximately less than 100 microns or 0.004inches in diameter as compared to a typical gas bubble in conventionalwhirlpool, air bath, or, air whirlpool bath that is approximately 0.060inches to 0.125 inches in diameter.

The micro bubbles may comprise numerous gases, including but not limitedto, oxygen, ambient air, or ozone or other therapeutic gases orscents/gases for use during hydrotherapy. The micro bubbles can remainsuspended in water for an extended period of time. Gradually, the gaswithin the micro bubbles dissolves into the water and the bubblesdisappear as they collapse within the water. In one aspect, during thecollapse, the micro bubbles release free-radical oxygen ions, which areeffective in neutralizing a variety of toxins. In one aspect, the microbubbles are characterized by having negative electrical charges. Thenegative charge attracts dirt, debris and impurities as well assuspended floating particles very effectively. It is believe that duringthe collapse of the micro bubbles, thermal phenomena indicates that heatflux (energy) can be released in the surrounding fluid, such as water.Over a very short period of time, it is known that the thermal phenomenamay create temperatures well above 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Thisphenomenon can help kill bacteria in the water and thus, sanitize thewater. Hence, the end-user or object surfaces (e.g., surface area) inthe micro bubble cloud receive an improved cleaning experience.

The microbubbles can also be used in conjunction with current fluidsanitizing devices such as ultraviolet (UV) light sanitizers. Themicrobubble refractive enhancement of the UV light improves thesanitizing properties and bactericidal effects of the device. This isachieved by improving the UV intensity, minimizing the fluid's UVexposure duration and better distribution of the UV light waves in thefluid.

In one aspect, the size of the micro bubble and the low-pressure gas itretains therein creates a small buoyancy force. This phenomenon thatcreates a lift that enables the bubbles rise in a liquid. This buoyancyforce may be less than the surrounding surface tension of the water. Inone aspect, the micro bubble does not rise to the surface, as a typicalbubble produced in hydrotherapy baths but remains suspended in thewater. The suspension in water enables gas, such as oxygen or ambientair, in the micro bubble to be available to dissolve in the surroundingwater.

Illustrative Operating Environment

Various aspects of the present inventions may at least be described inthe general context of an apparatus for the generation of micro bubbles.Accordingly, it may be helpful to briefly discuss the components andoperation of an operating environment on which various aspects of thepresent inventions may be implemented. Accordingly, FIGS. 1A and 1Billustrate schematic diagrams of an illustrative system environment thatmay be used to implement various aspects of the present invention. Inone construction, using the inventive teachings herein, a micro bubblehydrotherapy bathing system may be provided with a liquid carriervessel, such as a bathtub. In one construction, an improved system maybe achieved by using an apparatus for forming and distributing small(micro) bubbles within a liquid retained in a well of a bathtub or otherliquid carrier vessel.

Aspects of the system environment 100, 101 provide a method of producinggas micro bubbles in a liquid. In one example, a liquid, such as water,is drawn from a reservoir or liquid source through a suction fittingaffixed to the reservoir by way of a high-pressure pump. A gas is drawnthrough an injecting device using the venturi principle. In one manner,a differential of pressure is utilized in the device to create a vacuum.The drawn gas and liquid are then mixed in a pressure vessel under apositive pressure. A mixing nozzle located in the internal cavity of thepressure vessel may be used. This action causes the liquid to besaturated with the gas under pressure. The pressurized mixed liquid anddissolved gas is provided to a micro bubble jet in which micro bubblesare produced. The pressurized mixture of liquid and dissolved gas isthen distributed into a second liquid contained in a bath well so as tocreate a micro bubble cloud within the second liquid. The second liquidcan be water without the saturated gas.

Various aspects of the system environment 100, 101 provides for gasmicro bubbles generation in a liquid, such as water. The system 100, 101may comprise of a suction fitting 102 attached to the bathtub 200, andfluidly connected via interconnecting plumbing to the bath well, andoptional filter 104 in fluid communication with a high-pressurecirculation pump 106. In one construction, the suction fitting 102 cansupply sufficient quantity water (e.g., gallons per minute) to anycurrent type of hydrotherapy producing pump as well as the highpressure-circulating pump 106 for producing micro bubbles 400. Inanother construction, an optional filter 104 can be used in the plumbingline between the suction fitting 102 and the high-pressure circulatingpump 106. The filter 104 assists in eliminating water borne debris thatcould obstruct the overall micro bubble generation system 100. In oneconstruction, the filter 104 may also provide easy access by theend-user for periodic cleaning of the filter or replacement formaintenance.

Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, high-pressure circulating pump 106 isprovided to generate a sufficient fluid flow and pressure to draw airthrough an injector and provide for a minimum system pressure to allowfor the saturation of liquid with the gas. The high-pressure circulatingpump 106 may be provided in numerous constructions and develop varioushead pressures. In one example, the pump 106 may develop pressuresbetween 80 psi to 130 psi (pound per sq. inch). In one construction, thecirculating pumps 106 may be compact, energy efficient and quiet. Inother constructions, system 100 can employ a pump 114 to circulate othertypes of gasses into the pressurized liquid stream (e.g., pressurizedwater stream). Nevertheless, the other types of gasses that may beemployed in the system 100 are ambient air, oxygen, and ozone or acombination of the gasses.

With continued reference to FIGS. 1A and 2B, in one construction, thepump 106 discharges pressurized liquid into an injector 108. The checkvalve 110 could be used with injection 108. The injector 108, through adifferential of inlet and outlet pressure, creates a vacuum that draws agas (such as ambient air) into the pressurized liquid stream. An optionto using ambient air is distributing gas into the injector 108 with acirculation pump 114 in combination with check valve 112.

In one construction, an aromatherapy dispenser 115, 115′ may be employedwith pump 114 or injector 108. The base gas (e.g., oxygen, ambient air,or ozone or other therapeutic gases) that is either drawn or pumped intothe liquid can have a scent added thereto. The base gas is distributedthrough the aromatherapy dispenser 115, 115′ which contains aromaproducing materials, such as known conventional essential oils orscented beads that known to produce psychological and physicalwell-being benefits.

The end-user of the system 100, 101 may use an electronic controller 116to control a circulation pump 114 and high-pressure circulation pump 106via wiring 150. In one construction, the electronic controller mayinclude a microprocessor configured to control the sequences of theactuation of the circulating pump 114 and high-pressure pump 106. Themicroprocessor can provide various controls to the individual connectedpumps. The microprocessor may have a system memory with computerreadable code in the form of read only memory (ROM) and random accessmemory (RAM). The memory stores programmable instructions of theoperational logic sequences of the pumps that are executed bymicroprocessor. Controller may be connected to the pumps via a wired ormay be a wireless communication type.

Mix Tank

With reference to FIGS. 1A, 1B and 2A-B, in operation, the mixed liquidand gas are in fluid communication with the saturation/mix tank 118.Saturation and mixing tank 118 is used to agitate and saturate theliquid in the tank with a gas. The saturation/mix tank may comprise apressure vessel containing at least one inlet port 126 and one outletport 128. In one construction, the inlet port 126 is positioned at thetop of the tank 118 to promote mixing action of the gas and liquid.Nevertheless, the inlet port 126 may be disposed at other positions onthe tank. The inlet port 126 may contain a nozzle 130 directed towardsthe internal void of the tank 118 so to agitate the liquid and gas. Thenozzle 130 may be directed at a various angles in relation to the topand bottom of the tank. For example, the nozzle 130 may be disposed atangle 90 degrees as measured from the vertical. The nozzle 130 may havevarious orifice sizes, such as 0.125 inches to 1.000 inches. Thepressurized fluids are distributed out of the tank via the outlet port128 on the bottom of the tank 118. The outlet port 128 may be providedwith various orifice sizes, such as 0.125 inches to 1.000 inches. In oneconstruction, the tank 118 includes an outlet port 128 located in thelowest most portion 132 of the tank 118. In this way, the outlet portlocation in the tank 118 assures good drainage of the tank at the end ofthe operation cycle of the system 100.

With reference to FIG. 2B, in the pressure vessel 118, a gas headspace134 is located above the liquid surface 136 to increase the liquid andgas saturation efficiency. The tank may be designed to allow a gas head134 above the liquid to develop each time the tank is drained andfilled. The gas head 134 may be regulated by a float valve 137. In onearrangement, the float valve 137 advantageously assures large gasbubbles do not mix with the liquid and gas while discharging the tank118. A pressure relief valve 139 may also be disposed in tank 118 forsafety precautions. The pressure relief valve enables excess pressure tobe bypassed from the tank 118 into the intake plumbing for thecirculation pump. If desired, the tank 118 may be disassembled foraccessing the internal components.

With reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B, in one aspect, the saturation/mixtank 118 is plumbed in direct fluid communication with the injector 108to minimize the elapsed time to create the micro bubbles and to minimizethe overall plumbing space. These benefits may be accomplished bydirecting the flow of pressurized fluids at a predetermined angle downinto the tank 118 with nozzle 130 of a predetermined orifice sizeconnected to the inlet port 136. Various flow angles and orificecombinations are possible. For example, the flow angle (theta), asmeasured with respect to the horizontal, may range from 90 degrees to180 degrees. The outlet 128 is provided in the form of an orifice. Theorifice can be of different sizes and shapes, such as circular,rectangular, square or triangular. In one construction, the orifice hasa circular shape. Various orifice sizes diameters or widths are possibleand may range from 0.125 inches to 1.000 inches. Nevertheless, otherdiameters or widths are possible according to the inventive aspects. Theflow angle/orifice combinations create an agitation action to mix thetwo fluids, such as air and water. During the mixing process, thedissolved gas levels (ambient air or other selected gas, such as oxygen)in the fluid (e.g., water) may be increased by a variety of methods. Inone method, the combination of the gas head located above the fluids,the pressure in the tank and the fluid mix percentage enables anincrease of the dissolved gas level in the fluid.

In one aspect, the homogenized (mixed) liquid and gas mixture exits theoutlet port 128 of the mix tank 118, which is distributed under pressureto a micro bubble jet 124. Referring to FIGS. 1A and 3, a single or aplurality of micro bubble jets 124 may be attached to the shell 202 ofthe bathtub 200 through a hole or opening 204 in the sidewall or bottomof the shell 202 via bonding, or mating threading, for example In thisway, the micro bubble jets 124 are fixedly attached to the bath shell202. The micro bubble jet 124 may comprise decorative flange, a threadedthrough-the-wall fitting, a threaded body, and, with or without, a microbubble formation component. The jet flange, threaded through-the-wallfitting, and threaded body are designed to be attached to the shell ofthe bath. The system 100, 101 may be designed to be inexpensive, compactin size.

The system 100, 101 constructions provide for one or more advantages.For example, though the use of the system 100, 101 to provide microbubbles 400, a decrease in muscle tension, or increase body circulationor the opening skin pores of a human body can help release unhealthytoxins. Additionally, the micro bubble jets with the micro bubblesenables enhanced cleaning of the epidermal layer of a human body bysurrounding the body with negatively charged micro bubbles small enoughthat they can enter the pores of the epidermis and remove the dirt andimpurities. In yet another benefit, the micro bubbles oxygenate andsoften the skin by increasing the dissolved oxygen levels in the water,kill bacteria with its negative ions, and reduce or eliminate the needfor soaps and chemicals in the bath.

Referring to FIG. 26, the soft connected tissue of a human body haslayers—an epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, fascia and muscle. Itwas observed that the inventive micro bubble therapy system and methodin a heated soaking format provides physiological benefits to the humanbody including hydrating the epidermis and dermis or making the skinfeel softer. (Level 1 stimulation in FIG. 26) For example, the microbubbles in the bath can provide more than 95% dissolved oxygen levels tothe bath water, thus increasing the skin moisture levels and softness.One example of the heat soaking format could have water a temperature of104 degrees F. Other physiological responses of the micro bubble therapyincludes the stimulation the skin's temperature receptors, or thefurther opening of pores of the skin which helps to eliminate bodytoxins. Micro bubble therapy of a human body is believed to increasecardiac output by improving blood circulation and promoting relaxation.Micro bubbles detoxify the skin by being small enough to enter the poresand by increasing the skin temperature. The skin temperature increase isbelieved to be achieved through an exothermic action releasing heatenergy caused by the collapsing of the micro bubbles near the epidermisof the human body. For example, the negative ions or anions producedfrom the micro bubbles in concentration levels more than 200,000 anionsper cubic centimeter helps increases blood circulation, improves cardiacoutput, and promotes a deeper level of relaxation than provided byconventional soaking hydrotherapy.

It was observed that the inventive micro bubble therapy system andmethod enables the hot water temperature in the bathtub to be maintainedfor longer periods of time than without micro bubbles. This advantage isachieved because of the dense micro bubble cloud formed at the surfaceof the bath water. This dense layer of micro bubbles reduces the heatloss in the bath water caused by convection.

It was observed that the inventive micro bubble therapy system andmethod provides physiological benefits to the human body when the bodyis in the bath including stimulating the pressure receptors of themuscle and the surrounding fascia (Level 3 stimulation in FIG. 16)Hence, the micro bubble therapy promotes tissue flexibility furtherincreasing circulation and the rejuvenation of the muscular tissue.Micro bubbles produce ultrasonic waves as the bubbles collapse whichburst at speeds of 400 km/h. It is believed that ultrasonic wavemassages deep into the fascia region and muscle tissue of the humanbody. This action enhances the stimulation of the pressure receptors toincrease the therapeutic benefit of the micro bubble therapy to theuser.

In another construction shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the homogenized liquidand gas mixture exits the mix tank 118 and is provided to a micro bubblehand shower 122 through the optional diverter valve 120. The fluids arecirculated to the micro bubble jet 124 or the optional micro bubble handshower 122.

Referring to FIG. 1B, the inventive aspects of can be practiced with amicro bubble generating apparatus 300, 1300, 2300, 3300, or 4300 inalternative locations (e.g., area A and B) upstream of the dischargefittings or within the discharge fitting. In one arrangement andreferring to area A, the micro bubble generating apparatus may beprovided between the saturation/mix tank 118 and diverted valve 120.Nevertheless, the micro bubble generating apparatus is provided upstreamof the micro bubble jet 124. In one arrangement and referring to area B,the micro bubble generating apparatus may be provided upstream of theoptional micro bubble hand shower 122.

The inventive system 100, 101 and method(s) enables cleaning the bathwell and interconnecting plumbing with micro bubbles. In system 100,101, the micro bubbles are allowed to enter the interconnecting plumbingof the bath through the jets 124, 1202 and 1102 and suction fitting 102.This is because the suction fitting 102 may draw the liquid mixture ofmicro bubbles and water in the bathwell for the next cycle to createmicro bubbles. This operation may be performed each time the bath microbubble system is turned on to use the cleansing characteristics of themicro bubbles. The ability to attach and lift contaminates of the microbubbles will allow contaminates to float to the surface of the liquid inthe bath well. The micro bubbles also have a germ killing ability causedby there negative ions. This will assist in maintaining a clean andsanitized bath.

Micro Bubble Cartridge/Apparatus

Referring to FIGS. 4 to 10, in one construction, a bubble generatingapparatus 300 is used to create micro bubbles. The bubble diameters areapproximately 100 micron (0.004 inches in diameter) or less. The bubblegenerating apparatus 300 receives fluid from a pressurized fluid source,such as the saturation/mix tank 118 (See FIGS. 1A and 1B). The bubblegenerating apparatus 300 comprises of a housing body 302 configured tomechanically receive/engage an orifice nozzle 304. The bubble generatingapparatus 300 may be of a metal construction, (casted or machined) orcould be a molded plastic construction. A liquid and gas mixture isdistributed through an opening 306 in the orifice nozzle 304 into aseries of passages/fluid pathway in the housing 302 oriented at variousangles to each other, such as 90 degrees. The passages may be orientedin a generally perpendicular pattern to cause the gas bubbles in theliquid to be broken up into small micro bubbles and prevent bubblecoalescence as the fluid impacts the wall bends of the passages in thehousing. The micro bubble apparatus 300 can be installed into fittingsthat are used for directing the flow of fluids such as hydrotherapyjets, shower heads and/or liquid nozzles.

Referring to FIGS. 4 to 10, in one construction, a bubble generatingapparatus 300 broadly comprises a housing 302, and a nozzle orifice 304The housing 302 includes external threads 330, 332. The threads 330, 332can of fine or course constructions depending on the intended use inanother apparatus. While threads are shown, other types of fasteningmethods may be used with the scope of the inventive concepts herein,such as adhesive bonding. As can be seen, in the FIG. 5, the distal topof the housing 302 includes a recessed feature 334 to receive toolsheads (e.g., flat head screwdriver) for installation and removal ofhousing 302, and nozzle orifice assembly 304 for another apparatus. Ascan be appreciated, the user can apply a torque force to the recessedfeature 334 to rotate the housing 302 about its vertical axis to removethe housing or install the housing as desired.

Turning now to FIG. 6, nozzle orifice 304 generally comprises a taperedbody and a fluid pathway 306. The fluid pathway 306 can be constructedof various diameters and lengths. The fluid pathway 306 can be ofdifferent sizes and shapes, such as tubular prismatic cylinder, or incross-section, a rectangular, square or triangular shape. In oneconstruction, the fluid pathway 306 has a cylindrical tube construction.Various sizes diameters or widths are possible and may range from 0.125inches to 0.250 inches. Nevertheless, other diameters or widths arepossible according to the inventive aspects. The length of the fluidpathway 306 is variable to the height of the nozzle orifice 304. Thelength can range from 0.125 inches to 0.625 inches, for example. As canbe appreciated, the width of the fluid pathway and/or length can bevaried to control the velocity and pressure of the fluid beingdistributed into the housing body 302. In one construction, the size thepathway 306 provides for proper back pressure, fluid velocity or adiameter large enough to prevent clogging from water borne debris orcontaminates.

The housing 302 includes an intermediate chamber 310 and a plurality ofinternal fluid pathways 312, 314, and 316. Intermediate chamber 310 isprovided at the outlet of the orifice nozzle 304 so as to receive thefluid. In one alternative construction, the intermediate chamber 310 hasa length greater than its height. The sidewalls 311 of the intermediatechamber 310 may taper inwardly in the direction from bottom to top. Thatis, the length (L1) of the bottom portion is greater than the length(L2) of the top portion of the chamber 310. Hence, the ratio of L2/L1 isless than 1.0. In an alternative construction, the intermediate chamber310 may be considered passage having a progressively larger height towidth ratio in a direction towards a fluid flow. The sidewall 311orientation in the inwardly tapered construction provides for a velocityenhancement of the fluid. Nevertheless, it should be appreciated thatthe sidewalls 311 could generally perpendicular in other constructions.

With continued reference to FIG. 6, the fluid pathways 312 and 316 aredirectly connected to the immediate chamber 310 and are orientedperpendicular to the top portion of chamber 310. In other constructions,the fluid pathways 312 and 316 could also be disposed at an acute anglewith respect to the top of chamber 310. In one construction shown inFIG. 6, the fluid pathway 312 and 316 has a cylindrical tubularconstruction. Various sizes diameters or widths are possible and mayrange from 0.080 inches to 0.187 inches. Nevertheless, other diametersor widths are possible according to the inventive aspects. The length ofthe fluid pathway 312 and 316 can be varied. The length can range from0.250 inches to 2.000 inches, for example. Although various other rangesmay be possible for the length and width. As can be appreciated, thewidth of the fluid pathway and/or length can be varied to control thevelocity and pressure of the fluid within the housing body 302.

The fluid pathways 314 a, 314 b are directly connected to and areoriented perpendicular to the fluid pathway 316 and 312, respectively.In other constructions, the fluid pathways 314 a and 314 b could also bedisposed at an acute angle or obtuse angle with respect to fluidpathways 314 a, 314 b, respectively. In one construction shown in FIG.6, the fluid pathway 314 a and 314 b has a cylindrical tubularconstruction. Various sizes diameters or widths are possible and mayrange from 0.080 inches to 0.190 inches. Nevertheless, other diametersor widths are possible according to the inventive aspects. The length ofthe fluid pathway 314 a and 314 b can be varied. The length can rangefrom 0.060 inches to 0.750 inches, for example. Although various otherranges may be possible for the length and width.

In the construction shown in FIG. 6, the pathways 314 a and 314 boriented in a generally perpendicular pattern with respect to pathways316 and 312; and pathway 306 and chamber 310 are oriented in a generallyperpendicular pattern to cause the gas bubbles in the liquid to bebroken up into small micro bubbles and prevent bubble coalescence as thefluid impacts the walls of the passages in the housing. While twopathways 314 a and 314 b may be used, the inventive aspect may bepracticed with only a single pathway to release the micro bubbles.

In operation, the pressurized liquid gas mixture enters nozzle orifice304, through fluid pathway 306. The pressurized liquid gas mixture isaccelerated through passage 306, forcing it into intermediate chamber310. This action begins the process of mixing of the gas and liquid andthe breaking up of the gas bubbles into micro bubbles. The processcontinues as the pressurized liquid and gas mixture travels throughpassages 312, 316, 314 a and 314 b. The liquid containing micro bubblesis expelled into the fluid dispensing fitting or plumbing throughpassages 314 a and 314 b. Passages 312, 316, 314 a and 314 b have distalopenings for releasing the plurality of micro bubbles downstream of thechamber 310 and fluid passages 306. It is understood that the air-waterinteraction allows creation of a high pressure micro bubble matrix ormicro bubble cloud 400 (See FIG. 1). As can be appreciated, the velocityof the bubbles 400 and iconic nature of the micro bubble sweeps away theimpurities and debris from the end-user or surfaces of an object beingengaged by the micro bubble matrix. The effective cleaning of thesurfaces provides an improved cleaning benefit.

FIG. 7 illustrates an alternative construction of a micro bubbleapparatus 1300. Micro bubble apparatus 1300 has a similar constructionas micro bubble apparatus 300, except for the construction of a fluidpathway 314. While two pathways 314 a and 314 b may be used in apparatus300, the inventive aspect may be practiced with only a single pathway314 to release the micro bubbles. Pathway 314 is directly connected toand is oriented perpendicular to the fluid pathway 316 and 312.

FIG. 8 illustrates yet another alternative construction of a microbubble apparatus 2300. Micro bubble apparatus 2300 has a similarconstruction as micro bubble apparatus 300, except for the constructionof a fluid pathway 306. While only a single pathway 306 is used inapparatus 300, the inventive aspects may be practiced with two pathways306 a and 306 b.

FIG. 9 illustrates yet another alternative construction of a microbubble apparatus 3300. Micro bubble apparatus 3300 has a similarconstruction as micro bubble apparatus 300, except for the constructionof a fluid pathway 306, 314 and 316. While only a single pathway 306 isused in apparatus 300, the inventive aspects may be practiced with twopathways 306 a and 306 b. While two pathways 314 a and 314 b may be usedin apparatus 300, the inventive aspects may be practiced with only asingle pathway 314 to release the micro bubbles. Furthermore, while twopathways 312 and 316 are provided in apparatus 300, the inventiveaspects may be practiced with only a single pathway 312. The angularorientation of the pathways causes the gas bubbles suspended in theliquid to crash into the internal walls of the pathways before expellingthe liquid and gas mixture into a liquid dispensing fitting, such as ajet, or dispensing plumbing. The dispensing action promotes a dense andstable micro bubble cloud by breaking the gas bubbles into smaller microbubbles and preventing the bubbles from coalescing.

As shown in FIGS. 6-9, the inventive aspects may be practices withassemblies of different types of housings configurations and differenttypes of orifice nozzles. It is recognized that individual features andsub-combinations of these features can be used to obtain some of theaforementioned advantages without the necessity to adopt all of thesefeatures.

In alternative constructions using the inventive concepts herein, themicro bubble generating apparatus 300, 1300, 2300 and 3300 can beembodied in a form of a replaceable internal cartridge assembly. Thecartridge forms a micro bubble cloud as the pressurized liquid and gasmixture passes through it into a bath well, for example. The microbubble cartridge assembly can be installed into fitting that is used fordirecting the flow of fluids such as hydrotherapy jets, shower heads, orliquid/water nozzles. Each fitting may contain a cartridge comprising aninlet and outlet orifice and passages that create the micro bubbles.Referring to FIGS. 10 through 13, the bubble generating apparatus 300,1300, 2300, and 3300 may be provided with various fluid dispensingfittings such as a hydrotherapy jet assembly 500, hand held showerassembly 600, shower head assembly 700, and water nozzle assembly 800.

In the alternative construction shown in FIG. 10, the hydro therapy jetassembly 500 includes a housing body 502 that matingly receives microbubble generating apparatus 300. It should be appreciated that the microbubble generating apparatus 300, 1300, 2300 and 3300 can be used in theassembly 500. In the construction shown in FIG. 10, the micro bubblegenerating apparatus 300 in connected to fluid plumbing line 504. Thegeneral direction of fluid flow is schematically indicated in FIG. 10 bythe dotted lines. The bubble generating apparatus 300 receives fluidfrom a pressurized fluid source, such as the saturation/mix tank 118(See FIGS. 1A and 1B). The micro bubbles exit the pathways of theapparatus 300 into an internal cavity 506 of jet assembly 500 thatsurrounds an upper portion of apparatus 300 for the outlets. The microbubbles may crash into the sidewall 510 of the jet 500 to enhance themicro bubble formation action. The micro bubbles exits the internalcavity 506 from dispensing openings or orifices 512. The dispensingaction promotes a dense and stable micro bubble cloud by breaking thegas bubbles into smaller micro bubbles and preventing the bubbles fromcoalescing so that the cloud engages the end-user.

FIG. 11 illustrates a showering implement, such as a hand held showerassembly, generally designated with the reference numeral 600. The handheld shower assembly 600 generally includes a distally disposed head 601attached to a housing body 602 that matingly receives micro bubblegenerating apparatus 300. It should be appreciated that the micro bubblegenerating apparatus 300, 1300, 2300 and 3300 can be used in theassembly 600. The housing body 602 can serve a handle such that it maybe generally of an elongated construction dimensioned so that a user canreadily grip and manipulate the showering implement 600. The housingbody 602 may be formed of many different shapes, lengths and with avariety of constructions. In one construction, the body 602 may have aneck portion positioned adjacent the head 601. The neck portion may be anarrowed region of the housing body 602 between head 601 and the part ofthe handle body normally gripped by the user. In another construction,the housing body 602 may be integrally formed with the head 601. Otherattachment configurations also are possible.

The shower head 601 may include a cleaning region comprising one or morecleaning elements or projections 612. As used herein, the term “cleaningelements” includes a structure that is commonly used or is suitable foruse showering cleaning apparatus. In one construction, the one or morecleaning elements are formed from a plurality of bristles.

The general direction of fluid flow is schematically indicated in FIG.11A by the dotted lines. In the construction shown in FIG. 11A, themicro bubble generating apparatus 300 in connected to fluid plumbingline connected to a pressurized fluid source, such as the saturation/mixtank 118 (See FIGS. 1A and 1B). The micro bubbles exit the pathways ofthe apparatus 300 into an internal cavity 606 of shower assembly 600that surrounds an upper portion of apparatus 300 for the outlets. Themicro bubbles may crash into the sidewall 610 of the shower assembly 600to enhance the micro bubble formation action. The micro bubbles exitsthe internal cavity 606 from dispensing openings or orifices 615. Thedispensing action promotes a dense and stable micro bubble cloud to theend-user. With reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the optional micro bubblehand shower can be activated by diverting the flow of fluids or used incombination with the micro bubble jet. The hand shower is used to directthe fluid stream of micro bubbles to a location of the human body duringshowering. The hand shower is designed with protrusions projecting fromthe body of the hand shower assembly 600. In an alternative arrangementof a hand shower assembly 600′ shown in FIG. 11B, the micro bubbles maybe delivered through the protrusion 612 (e.g., bristles) in aconstruction of the protrusions comprising hollow lumens 617. In thisconstruction 600′, the hollow lumens 617 provide fluid communicationinternal cavity 606 of the hand shower assembly 600′. The assembly 600′is of similar construction to the hand shower assembly 600, except ofthe hollow lumen. In additionally, the hollow lumen constructions can beprovided with assembly 600 to increase the benefits of micro bubble usein the hand shower. The features of the hand shower enhance thecleaning, exfoliating and massaging of the human body while using thehand shower assembly.

In the construction shown in FIG. 12, the shower head assembly 700includes a housing body 702 that matingly (e.g., threaded engagement)receives micro bubble generating apparatus 300. It should be appreciatedthat the micro bubble generating apparatus 300, 1300, 2300, 3300 and4400 can be used in the assembly 700. The general direction of fluidflow is schematically indicated in FIG. 12 by the dotted lines. In theconstruction shown in FIG. 12, the micro bubble generating apparatus 300in connected to fluid plumbing line connected to a pressurized fluidsource, such as the saturation/mix tank 118 (See FIGS. 1A and 1B). Themicro bubbles exit the pathways of the apparatus 300 into an internalcavity 706 of shower head assembly 700 that surrounds an upper portionof apparatus 300 for the outlets. The micro bubbles may hit into thesidewall 710, 714 of the shower head assembly 700 to enhance microbubble formation. The dispensing action promotes a dense and stablemicro bubble cloud to the end-user.

In the construction shown in FIG. 13, the water nozzle assembly 800includes a housing body 802 that matingly (e.g., threaded engagement)receives micro bubble generating apparatus 300. It should be appreciatedthat the micro bubble generating apparatus 300, 1300, 2300, 3300 and4400 can be used in the assembly 800. In the construction shown in FIG.13, the micro bubble generating apparatus 300 in connected to fluidplumbing line connected to a pressurized fluid source, such as thesaturation/mix tank 118. The micro bubbles exit the pathways of theapparatus 300 into an internal cavity 806 of water nozzle assembly 800that surrounds an upper portion of apparatus 300 for the outlets. Themicro bubbles may hit into the sidewall 810 of the nozzle assembly 800to enhance micro bubble formation. The dispensing action promotes adense and stable micro bubble cloud to the end-user.

FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate an alternative construction of a micro bubbleapparatus 4300. Micro bubble apparatus 4300 has a similar constructionas micro bubble apparatus 300, except for example, the construction ofintermediate chamber 4318. Chamber 4318 has a generally straight wallarrangement (sidewall 4311), instead of an inwardly inclined sidewallconfiguration of chamber 318 of apparatus 300. Orifice 4304 has straightwall outer body and performs a similar function as orifice 304. Inoperation of micro bubble apparatus 4300, the pressurized liquid gasmixture enters nozzle orifice 304, through fluid pathway 306. Thepressurized liquid gas mixture is accelerated through passage 306,forcing it into intermediate chamber 4310. This action begins theprocess of mixing of the gas and liquid and the breaking up of the gasbubbles into micro bubbles. The process continues as the pressurizedliquid and gas mixture travels through passages 312, 316, 314 a and 314b. The liquid containing micro bubbles is expelled into the fluiddispensing fitting or plumbing through passages 314 a and 314 b.Referring to FIGS. 10 through 13, the bubble generating apparatus 4300may be provided with various fluid dispensing fittings such as ahydrotherapy jet assembly 500, hand held shower assembly 600, showerhead assembly 700, and water nozzle assembly 800.

FIG. 16 an assembly of the alternative bubble generating apparatus 4300with plumbing fitting assembly 5000 which can be multiple fittingsfastened together and FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of thearrangement shown in FIG. 16. The bubble generating apparatus 4300 isprovided with a cartridge sleeve 4360, which is a section of ridged pipeor similar component, positioned to allow for the insertion of the microbubble cartridge 4300 to create a separate liquid/water chamber 4350around the micro bubble cartridge's discharge pathway 314 a, 314 b. Theinside dimension (ID1) of the cartridge sleeve 4360 provides for a 0.060inch to 0.750 inch separation between it and the outside diameter of thecartridge 4300. This creates the water chamber 4300 that will fillwithin a few seconds with liquid, such as water. This action assists thecartridge's discharge pathway 314 a, 314 b to be submerged in the liquidand micro bubble gas mixture faster than the larger discharge plumbingwill allow.

The air bubble chamber 4365 provides a space measuring between theoutside dimension of the cartridge sleeve and the inside diameterdimension (ID2) of the plumbing fitting 5000 of 0.060 inches to 0.750inches for the air that is entrapped in the discharge plumbing duringthe filling of the bath 200 and before the installed micro bubble systemis activated. The chamber 4365 may be located at the highest point inthe plumbing and creates a separation between the cartridge's dischargepathways and the entrapped air. This will allow for a fast submergenceof the pathways once the system is activated to help provide a microbubble cloud.

The cartridge 4300 is elevated from the jet that is attached to theshell of the bath or other liquid containing vessel to allow for properdrainage of the saturation/mix tank and discharge plumbing. Thispromotes the air bubble(s) that are trapped in the discharge plumbingduring the filling of the liquid vessel to surround the cartridge'smicro bubble discharge pathway preventing the formation of a dense microbubble cloud. Another purpose for the cartridge sleeve 4360 is toprovide a separation from the air bubble(s) trapped in the dischargeplumbing and the micro bubble discharge pathway 314 a, 314 b. Thisfeature advantageously assists in the submergence of the micro bubblepathway in the liquid (e.g., water) and micro bubble gas mixture causinga dense micro bubble cloud to form. The sleeve arrangementadvantageously enables the saturated gas in the liquid to transferimmediately into the second liquid in the discharge plumbing to improvethe micro bubble cloud creation. Hence, the cartridge sleeve wasdeveloped to provide improved performance. It should be note that microbubble generating apparatus 300, 1300, 2300, and 3300 can beinterchangeable used with the cartridge sleeve arrangement.

Alternative Micro bubble Environments

In one or more aspects, soaking, air bath, whirlpool, and air whirlpoolhydrotherapy apparatus with micro bubbles technology herein providessynergist benefits. When used in combination with the typical air bath,whirlpool bath and air whirlpool bath the micro bubble hydrotherapy willimprove those hydrotherapy methods by synergistically improving thestimulation of the epidermal layer of a human body in contact with thefluid and temperature receptors to promote greater relaxation. Inaddition, enhance the decrease in muscle tension, and help increasecirculation and open pores to help release unhealthy toxins. It willimprove the cleaning of the skin by surrounding the body with negativelycharged bubbles so small that they can enter the pores of the skin andremove the dirt and impurities. Micro bubbles can oxygenate and softenthe skin by increasing the dissolved oxygen levels in the water; killbacteria with its negative ions; or reduce or eliminate the need forsoaps and chemicals in the bath.

In an alternative bathtub construction shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, one ormore light sources 1001 may be attached through the shell 904 of abathtub 900. A single or a plurality of micro bubble jets 124 may beattached to the shell 902 of the bathtub 900 through a hole or openingin the sidewall or bottom of the shell 904. The micro bubble jets 124are fixedly attached to the bath shell 902. In this way, theillumination of the light sources after the bath well is filled with amicro bubble cloud that provides for refractive enhancement of light.The micro bubble cloud enhances chromatherapy in different types ofhydrotherapy baths. Colored lights are used to affect your mood. Microbubbles can enhance this practice because the dense concentration ofbubbles helps increases the lights visibility. In one aspect, thewatercolor becomes more dramatic and exciting to the end-user. The lightsources 1001 are provided by way of the light system 1000. As will bediscussed in the foregoing, the lighting system 1000 may include avariety of light sources 1001 to produce the desired lighting forchromatherapy of the end-user. In one construction, the light source isin the form of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs).

In one construction, the light housing unit 1002 may include a pluralityof individual LED bulbs. The number of LED bulbs can be up to 50, butother values are possible in which the quantity may depend on the lightoutput of the LEDs and desired intensity. The LED bulbs provide for anenvironmental friendly construction which reduces energy consumption andoperating costs of the bathtub system 100. In a further advantage, theLED bulbs provide a relatively long operating life verses incandescentbulbs. Referring to FIG. 19, the light housing units 1002 areelectrically connected a transformer system 1004 via wiring 1006. In onecase, the transformer system 1004 is a step-down type so that 110 voltsand stepped-down to 12 volts.

In an alternative bathtub construction 1100 shown in FIG. 20, one ormore air jets 1102 may be attached through the shell 1104 of a bathtub1100. A single or a plurality of micro bubble jets 124 may be attachedto the shell 1104 of the bathtub 1100 through a hole or opening in thesidewall or bottom of the shell 1104. In the alternative bathtubconstruction 1120 shown in FIG. 22, an air channel 1122 may direct jetsof air into the bathtub well. The air channel 1122 has hollow tubularconstructions with a plurality of openings 1130 (or jets) for releasingpressurized ambient air into the bath well. Air bubbles stimulate theskins light touch receptors located in the subcutaneous tissue regionproducing an overall calming effect. When micro bubbles were tested withthis air jet hydrotherapy, the stimulation of the light touch receptorswas increased (Level 2 stimulation in FIG. 26). This simulation of thereceptors is believe to be achieved by the increased number of bubblesavailable to contact the skin, approximately 3000% more bubbles than theair jets produced alone. The characteristics of the micro bubble to besuspended longer in the water and to be attracted to positively chargedsurfaces like human skin as explained in Van der Waals forces also isbelieved to contribute to the increased stimulation of the light touchreceptors. In particular, the overall effect of the air bath can beimproved by adding the micro bubble hydrotherapy by eliminating at oneleast of the issues now associated with air baths.

The first problem with conventional air baths is that the concentrationof air bubbles in the water and the total area the bubbles occupy in thewell of the bath is not fully utilized. This effect is due to thelocation of the air jets and the characteristics of the larger bubble ofapproximately 0.060 inches to 0.125 inches in diameter. These bubblesproduce low concentration levels because of the bubble size and thebubble only stays suspended in the water for a few seconds beforefloating to the water surface and bursting in addition the bath well isnot completely filled with bubbles because the air jets do notsufficiently project the air into the bath well. This is because thereis not enough air pressure produced by the air turbines of theconventional air bath. This means that the air is only projected a veryshort distance, approximately less than 1.000 inch, from each air jet.The result is large bubbles that only have partial contact with thebather's skin. The use of micro bubbles can improve this limitation ofconventional air baths by creating a dense concentration of smallbubbles. These micro bubbles will stay suspended in the water longerthan conventional air bath bubbles. Thus, this actions allows the microsized bubbles to surround and cover the body parts of the bather thatare submerged in the bathing well.

The second issue is that conventional air baths water temperature coolsdown faster than other types of hydrotherapy. This is because of theturbulence created at the water surface as the large air bubbles burst.This effect can be minimized when used with micro bubbles because themicro bubble density in the water minimizes the turbulence and the airturbine of the conventional air bath can be set at a lower output speeddue to the increase of overall bubble concentration created by the microbubbles.

The third issue is that the turbulence and the large bubbles bursting atthe water surface can cause a problem for the bather because it becomesannoying to have water sprayed in your face during use. The water has atendency to project out of the bath causing water to accumulate on thefloor and around the bath. Since the micro bubbles do not burst at thewater surface and the turbulence is decreased these issues areadvantageously minimized.

The fourth is the phenomenon known as the “cool air effect”. Thishappens when the bath user sits to close to the air jets. A coolsensation that is objectionable to some bathers is caused because theair coming out of the air jets touches the wet skin causing thissensation. The micro bubble will help protect the body by creating abarrier of micro bubbles between the body and the air jet minimizingthis effect.

In an alternative bathtub construction shown in FIG. 21, one or morewhirlpool jets 1202 may be attached through the shell 1204 of a bathtub1100. The whirlpool jets 1202 can be a conventional construction of ajet with pressurized water delivered into the bathtub well. A single ora plurality of micro bubble jets 124 may be attached to the shell 1204of the bathtub 1200 through a hole or opening in the sidewall or bottomof the shell 1104. In this way, a method of producing gas micro bubblesis provided in the same vessel with another type of hydrotherapy system.

In an alternative bathtub construction shown in FIG. 23, one or morelight sources 1001, air jets 1102, and whirlpool jets 1202 may beattached through the shell 200 of a bathtub. A single or a plurality ofmicro bubble jets 124 may be attached to the shell 200 of the bathtubthrough a hole or opening in the sidewall or bottom of the shell 200. Itshould be recognized that the air channel 1122 feature shown in FIG. 22can be used in lieu of air jets 1102. Further, it should be appreciatedthat the relative positioning of the light sources 1001, air jets 1102,and whirlpool jets 1202 shown in FIGS. 18, 20, 21, 22, 23 is providedfor illustrative purposes as the inventive aspects can be practiced inother relative positions. In this way, a method of producing gas microbubbles is provided in the same vessel with an enhanced hydrotherapysystem to simulate human nerve groups of a human body to invokephysiological benefits, such as, for example, producing an intense calm;promoting a high degree of relaxation and stress relief to the user; orimproving blood circulation in the skin, or enhanced cleaning of thebody via the negative ion effect of the micro bubble cloud, for example.Further, physiological benefits may include Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3stimulation as previously discussed with respect to FIG. 26.

In alterative constructions, the pump 106, injector 108, saturation andmix tank 118, electronic controls 116 may be attached to a fixed standor cradle.

FIG. 24 is illustrates a schematic diagram of saturation tank plumbingarrangement for drainage. In the alternative construction, the assemblyprovides a slope from the intake of the high pressure pump to thesuction fitting. The direction of the slope is away from the pump to thesuction fitting at an incline that will enable draining of theinterconnecting plumbing. In addition, positive incline from thedischarge of the saturation/mix tank to the jet 124 enables draining ofthe discharge interconnecting plumbing. This will assure proper drainageof the system once the bath has completed its operation and it has beendrained.

FIG. 25 is a functional block system diagram of an alternative bubblegenerating system arrangement with a common suction fitting. In oneconstruction, a common suction fitting 102 is used to supply thehydrotherapy pumps 106 and 114. The liquid is allowed to be drawn into amultiple orifice fitting(s) after being drawn through the suction coverand before it is delivered to the pumping device.

Referring to FIGS. 27-30, a bubble generating apparatus 4400 receivesfluid from a pressurized fluid source, such as the saturation/mixingtank 118 (See FIGS. 1A and 1B). As it should be noted fluid providedinto the apparatus 4400 uses saturated gas within the liquid. Referringto FIGS. 27 and 29, the bubble generating apparatus 4400 includes ahousing body 4401 configured mechanically to receive/engage an orificenozzle body 4403. The mechanical engagement may be pressure-fit abutmentor adhesive/chemical bonding or other method. The bubble generatingapparatus 4400 may be of metal construction or could be a molded plasticconstruction. A pressurized liquid and gas mixture (saturated fluid fromtank 118 or alternative source) is provided into an opening 4404 in theorifice nozzle body 4403 into a plurality of fluid pathways created bythe external surface 4415 of orifice nozzle body 4403 and the interiorsurface 4417 of housing body 4401. The fluid pathway 4405 and fluidpathway 4408 in the housing 4401 are oriented at various angles to eachother, such as 90 degrees. Orifice nozzle body 4403 may extend beyondfluid pathways 4409A and 4409B in the housing body 4401 to cause anadditional liquid and gas mixture directional change.

The fluid pathways may be oriented generally in a perpendicular patternto cause the gas bubbles in the liquid to be broken up into small microbubbles and prevent bubble coalescence as the fluid impacts the wall4417 bends of the passages in the housing. The micro bubble apparatus4400 can be installed into fittings that are used for directing the flowof fluids such as hydrotherapy jets, shower heads and/or liquid nozzles.The housing body 4401 includes external mechanical threads 4402. Threadscan be fine or course construction. While the threads are shown, othertypes of fastening methods can be used such as adhesive bonding in lieuof a threaded configuration. The distal top of the housing body 4401includes a recess feature 4411 to receive tools heads, such as a spannerwrench, for installing and removing the bubble generating apparatus 4400in fittings. While the recess feature is shown, other types of fasteningmethods can be used, such as slots or raised sections.

Referring to FIG. 27, the nozzle orifice body 4403 generally comprises atapered body with a fluid pathway 4404 therein. The fluid pathway 4404can be constructed from various diameters and lengths to provide forincreased velocity of the entering fluid into opening 4420 and determinethe plumbing system internal pressure. The fluid pathway 4420 can be ofdifferent sizes and shapes such as tubular prismatic cylinder, or incross section, a rectangular, square or triangular shape. In oneconstruction, the fluid pathway 4420 has a cylindrical tube construction(upper part 4421) with a tapered inlet opening 4404 (lower part). Thepathway 4404 may be considered passage having a progressively largerheight to width ratio in a direction towards a fluid flow. In oneconstruction, the fluid pathway 4420 has a progressively decreasingdiameter along a first length L3 to a constant diameter D2 along asecond length L4 in a direction of the fluid flow. The sidewall 4430orientation in the inwardly tapered construction in the lower partpathway 4404 to the upper part pathway 4421 provides for a velocityenhancement of the fluid. Various size diameters and widths are possibleand may range from 0.060 inches to 1.25 inches. Nevertheless, otherdiameters or widths are possible for implementation. The radiusconstruction R1 can range from 0.032 inches to 1.0 inches. The length ofthe fluid pathway 4420 is variable to the height of the nozzle orifice4403. The length can range from 0.250 inches to 2.0 inches, for example.As can be appreciated, the width of the fluid pathway and/or length canbe varied to control the velocity and pressure of the fluid beingdistributed into the housing body 4401. The housing body 4401 includes amain chamber 4405 and a plurality of internal fluid pathways/passages4406, 4407, 4408, and 4409A/B. Outlet 4423 of orifice nozzle body 4403may have a diameter D2 of 0.032 inches to 0.984 inches. Nevertheless,other constructions are possible.

The main chamber 4405 is provided at the outlet 4423 of orifice nozzlebody 4403 so as to receive the fluid therein. The sidewalls 4410 of themain chamber 4405 may be perpendicular or tapered inwardly or outwardly.The fluid pathways 4406, 4407, and 4408 are created while orifice nozzlebody 4403 is engaged into housing body 4401. The pathway 4406 isoriented perpendicular to the top portion of opening 4404 and pathways4407 and 4408 are perpendicular to pathway 4406. In other constructionspathways 4407 and 4408 could be disposed at varying angles with respectto pathway 4406. Various size diameters and widths are possible forannular shaped pathways 4407, 4408 and may range from 0.0625 inches to0.5 inches. Various size diameters and widths are possible in pathway4406. For example in one construction, the inlet diameter D1 of pathway4406 may range from 0.060 inches to 1.25 inches. Additionally, the innertaper angle of THETA may range from 45 degrees to 89 degrees from thehorizontal. Nevertheless, other diameters/widths or angles are possiblefor implementation. The length of fluid pathways 4406, 4407 and 4408 canbe varied. The lengths can range from 0.125 inches to 2.0 inches, forexample. Although various other ranges may be possible for the lengthand width.

Referring to FIGS. 27-28, as can be appreciated, the width of the fluidpathway and/or length can be varied to control the velocity and pressureof the fluid within the housing body 4401. The fluid pathway 4409A and4409B are fluidly connected to and are oriented perpendicular to fluidpathways 4407 and 4408. The fluid pathways 4409A and 4409B could also bedisposed at acute or obtuse angles with respect to fluid pathways 4407and 4408, respectively. The dispensing action promotes a dense andstable micro bubble cloud by breaking the gas bubbles into smaller microbubbles. Referring to FIG. 28, in one construction, the fluid pathways4409A and 4409B have a rectangular opening. Various heights (h) andwidths (w) are possible and may range from 0.0625 inches to 0.75 inches.Nevertheless, other lengths, widths and shapes are possible for otherimplementations. Referring to FIG. 27, the depth of the fluid pathways4409A and 4409B range from 0.060 inches to 0.250 inches, for example.Although various other ranges of depth may be possible. In oneconstruction, shown in FIG. 27, outlet 4423 is separated above pathways4409A/B by 0.125 inches or more.

In the construction shown in FIG. 27, the pathways 4409A and 4409Boriented in a generally perpendicular pattern with respects to pathways4407 and 4408; and pathway 4406 and chamber 4405 are oriented in agenerally perpendicular pattern to cause the gas bubbles in the liquidto be broken up into micro bubbles and prevent bubble coalescence as thefluid impacts the walls 4417 and 4415 of the passages in the housing4401. While two pathways 4409A and 4409B may be used, the implementationmay be practiced with a single or multiple pathways to release the microbubbles from apparatus 4400. For example, pathways 4409A and 4409B maybe located 180 degrees from each other or equally spaced around thecircumference of housing body 4401.

It should be noted that that fluid flow mechanism in apparatus 4400provides for a contra-flow operation for micro-bubble creation. Inoperation, the pressurized liquid gas mixture enters the nozzle orificebody 4403, through fluid pathway 4404. The pressurized liquid gasmixture is accelerated through passage 4404, forcing it into mainbreak-up chamber 4405. This process continues the process of mixing ofthe gas and liquid and begins the process of breaking up of the gasbubbles into micro bubbles. The process continues as the pressurizedliquid and gas mixture travels through passages 4406, 4407, 4408, 4409Aand 4409B opposite of the fluid flow of pathway 4404. The liquidcontaining micro bubbles is expelled into the fluid dispensing fittingor plumbing through 4409A and 4409B. As can be appreciated by thestructure, the outer surface walls 4415 provides a fluid surface todirect for efficient flow of mircobubbles via the arcuate constructiondisposed at 4409B and 4409A. Thereby improving the release ofmicrobubbles for faster velocities with the compact design of theapparatus. It should be noted that that fluid flow mechanism inapparatus 4400 provides for a contra-flow operation for micro-bubblecreation. It is understood that saturated air-water interaction allowscreation of a high pressure micro bubble matrix or micro bubble cloud.

In alternative construction using the inventive concepts herein, themicro bubble generating apparatus 4400 can be embodied in a form of areplaceable internal cartridge assembly. The cartridge forms a microbubble cloud as the pressurized liquid and gas mixture passes through itinto a bath well, for example. The micro bubble cartridge assembly canbe installed into a fitting that is used for directing the flow offluids such as hydrotherapy jets, shower heads, or liquid/water nozzles.Each fitting may contain a cartridge comprising an inlet and outletorifice and passages that create the micro bubbles. Referring to FIGS.27 and 30, the bubble generating apparatus 4400 may be provided withvarious fluid dispensing fittings such as a hydrotherapy jet assembly4500 (FIG. 30). Bubble generating apparatus 4400 may be interchangedwith apparatus 300, 1300, 2300 and 3300 to be used in hand held showerassembly 600, shower head assembly 700, and water nozzle assembly 800.

In the alternative construction shown in FIG. 30, the hydro therapy jetassembly 4500 includes a housing body 4502 that matingly receives microbubble generating apparatus 4400. The micro bubble generating apparatus4500 is connected to fluid plumbing line 504. The general direction offluid flow is schematically indicated in FIG. 30 by the dotted lines.The bubble generating apparatus 4400 receives fluid from a pressurizedfluid source, such as the saturation/mix tank 118 (See FIGS. 1A and 1B).In operation, the micro bubbles exit the pathways 4409A and 4409B of theapparatus 4400 into an internal cavity 4506 of jet assembly 4500 thatsurrounds a upper portion of apparatus 4400 for the outlets. The microbubbles may crash into the sidewall 4510 of the jet 4500 to enhance themicro bubble formation action. The micro bubbles exits the internalcavity 4506 into water of a bath shell. The dispensing action promotes adense and stable micro bubble cloud by breaking the gas bubbles intosmaller micro bubbles and preventing the bubbles from coalescing so thatthe cloud engages the end-user.

In operation, the previously described features, individually and/or inany combination, improves support and lighting characteristics of abathtub system. While the various features of bathtub system 100, 101operate together to achieve the advantages previously described, it isrecognized that individual features and sub-combinations of thesefeatures can be used to obtain some of the aforementioned advantageswithout the necessity to adopt all of these features.

Although the invention has been defined using the appended claims, theseclaims are exemplary in that the invention may be intended to includethe elements and steps described herein in any combination or subcombination. Accordingly, there are any number of alternativecombinations for defining the invention, which incorporate one or moreelements from the specification, including the description, claims, anddrawings, in various combinations or sub combinations. For example, theinventive aspects with micro bubbles herein can be used to cleansurfaces or objects disposed pedicure foot baths, laundry sink baths,pet cleaning baths, kitchen sinks, clothes washing machines,dishwashers, showers, spas, pools, aquariums, ponds, or toilets.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant technology, inlight of the present specification, that alternate combinations ofaspects of the invention, either alone or in combination with one ormore elements or steps defined herein, may be utilized as modificationsor alterations of the invention or as part of the invention. Whilespecific bathtub configurations have been illustrated, the presentinvention is not limited to any of the aesthetic aspects shown and, inpractice, may differ significantly from the illustrated configurations.It may be intended that the written description of the inventioncontained herein covers all such modifications and alterations.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A micro bubble generating apparatus,comprising: a first fluid passage, in a first part, having aprogressively larger height to width ratio in a direction towards afluid flow along its length and in a second part having a constantwidth; a second fluid passage being disposed at an angle with respect tothe first fluid passage; a third fluid passage fluidly connected to thesecond fluid passage for generating a plurality of micro bubbles inwhich a fluid flow direction is opposed to the direction of the fluidflow of the first fluid passage; and an opening for releasing theplurality of micro bubbles fluidly connected downstream of the thirdfluid passage.
 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the secondfluid passage has a height to width ratio less than 1.0.
 3. Theapparatus according to claim 1, wherein the angle ranges about between90 degrees to 150 degrees.
 4. The apparatus according to claim 1,further comprising a first body and a second body, the first body beingengaged into the second body; wherein the first fluid passage isdisposed in the first body, the second fluid passage is defined betweenthe first body and the second body, and the third fluid passage isdisposed downstream of the second fluid passage and defined between thefirst body and the second body.
 5. The apparatus according to claim 4,wherein the first body has at least a progressively larger height towidth ratio in a direction towards the fluid flow.
 6. The apparatusaccording to claim 4, wherein the opening is disposed in the secondbody.
 7. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the second bodyincludes a mating surface to releasable attach the micro bubbleapparatus to another object.
 8. The apparatus according to claim 7,wherein the mating surface includes a plurality of threads.
 9. Theapparatus according to claim 4, wherein the angle ranges about between90 degrees to 150 degrees.
 10. The apparatus according to claim 4,wherein the second fluid passage has a height to width ratio less than1.0.
 11. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the third fluidpassage is annular shaped.
 12. A micro bubble generating apparatus,comprising: an orifice body, the orifice body having a first fluidpassage being disposed therein; and the first fluid passage forincreasing a velocity of a pressurized mixture of a liquid and adissolved gas in a direction towards a fluid flow, a housing body havinga mixing chamber being disposed at an angle with respect to the firstfluid passage for generating a plurality of micro bubbles from themixture; wherein the orifice body is engaged with a housing body fordefining a third fluid passage provided between an external surface ofthe orifice body and an interior surface of the housing body, the thirdfluid passage being connected to the mixing chamber; and a plurality ofopenings in the housing body connected to the third fluid passage forreleasing the plurality of micro bubbles.
 13. The apparatus according toclaim 12, wherein the first fluid passage has an progressively largerheight to width ratio in the direction of fluid flow.
 14. The apparatusaccording to claim 12, wherein the openings are equally spaced around aperimeter of the housing body.
 15. The apparatus according to claim 12,wherein the orifice body has a progressively larger height to widthratio in a direction towards the fluid flow.
 16. The apparatus accordingto claim 12, wherein the housing body includes a mating surface toreleasable attach the micro bubble generating apparatus to anotherobject.
 17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the matingsurface includes a plurality of threads.
 18. The apparatus according toclaim 12, wherein the angle ranges about between 90 degrees to 150degrees.
 19. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the thirdfluid passage is annular shaped.
 20. The apparatus according to claim12, wherein the first fluid passage has a progressively decreasingdiameter along a first length to as a constant diameter along a secondlength in a direction of the fluid flow.